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If the apps that are missing were moved to the SD card and your SD card was unmounted and/or it's acting up or corrupted, then the apps will not be available, you will have to redownload them.
since you already formatted your sd card, it is impossible to retrieve deleted data, so as per suggestion above you need to download them.
how about trying another sd card?so that at least we can make sure that it was the sd card at fault here.
Since you didn't unmounted the SD card and now you are having issues with the SD card, the problem is the SD card, you probabl need a new SD card.